I have tried 3 different date versions of linuxdeploy with no success. Although NO_STRIP=true is set, results in creating an AppImage, executing the resulting CinGG binary always leads to a segmentation fault. I will try to compile from source.
Another trick described in those linuxdeploy issues was unpacking linuxdeploy's own appimage, remove not just strip but patchelf too from its unpacked form , put system's strip/patchelf there (or symlink) and use it from this folder, not appimage.
Linux, always finding new ways to break working things!
For me method *without* linuxdeploy and our appimagetool worked on fedora 42. Try it if everything else fail? Linuxdeploy's last release/code apparently NOT incorporated yet idea floating there about new env. variable to set strip binary ..... so, it was discussed but not acted on (yet), from my understanding.