We have some threads this month discussing the performance of UVC
HDMI-USB3 Vide Capture stics/dongles or devices.
If technical specs are available, sadly often deficient, they may
manage 422 chroma subsampling, but limited to 8-bit "Deep color"
(4KVC00) or "YUY2" (ms2130)
1. To repeate the illustrative article 8-Bit vs 10-Bit Video Color
Explained (millions/banding vs billion shades):
https://fujifilm-x.com/en-us/series/the-filmmakers-handbook/8-bit-or-10-bit-video-color-explained/
2. In a couple of learn.microsoft articles, 10- and 16-bit YUV Video
Formats are recommended for capturing, processing, and displaying
video, while 8-bit YUV color formats that are recommended for video
rendering. To extract and learn the most relevant YUV formats in
this context from the table
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/medfound/10-bit-and-16-bit-yuv-video-formats#preferred-yuv-formats
YUY2
4:2:2 Packed 8 bits pr channel
Y210 4:2:2
Packed 10
NV12 4:2:0
Planar 8
P010 4:2:0
Planar 10
3. So I found an interesting discussion on the Digital Photography
Review forum:
Cheapest (and decent) way to record 10 bits HDMI on Windows?
https://www.dpreview.com/forums/thread/4562209
Extract here an interesting section from the first reply of Mar 19,
2021:
It almost looks like 10-bit may not be part of the UVC
specs unless the device does hardware H.264 or HEVC decoding,
there are no 10-bit color formats that appear in
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tree/drivers/media/usb/uvc/uvcvideo.h?h=v5.11.7
such as p010, and I would expect that if the UVC spec supported
p010 video it would have appeared in the Linux kernel by now.
If someone can confirm this is the case also today, we don't need to
search for cheap or inexpensive HDMI-USB3 Video capture
stick/dongles with 10-bit 422 output support.
Down In the same thread also some high-priced UVC compliant devices
are mentioned, but they tend to support 10-bit on HDMI input and so
downscale it to 8-bit on USB3 output.