Terje, not sure why you are missing bd.udfs. When I run the AppImage, I get:
   bd.jpbs
   bd.m2ts
   bd.sh
   bd.udfs
   bd.xml
   udfs

Entered the new BD50-RE disc into the blu-ray burner and entered

     dd if=./bd.udfs of=/dev/sr0 bs=2048000
     dd: failed to open './bd.udfs': No such file or directory

Tried this also with root access with the same failure.
Looks for me as './bd.udfs' is missing and not created yet.