So I found another email thread - sadly it seems patch for even just 10 bit 4:2:0 subsampled signal was not merged yet?

but at least we know capture device name ....


https://www.mail-archive.com/linux-media@vger.kernel.org/msg142506.html

Avermedia Live Gamer ULTRA GC553

Someone also apparently was able to send 10bit data as 
as greyscale planes, just assembling them back was not easy!

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71500311/how-to-process-a-raw-10-bit-video-signal-with-opencv-to-avoid-purple-distorted

usb videoclass stuff

https://www.usb.org/document-library/video-class-v15-document-set

I looked at uncompressed ... it confusing a bit, apparently
vendors can augment it?