you can try to apply patch with "git am
path_to_patch_file" command
it hopefully also works with older boost
versions.
I tested on termux, where boost at 1.83.0 level
and it compiles and shows help info.
My attempt:
# mv
0001-Fix-build-in-makeappimage-for-boost-1.85.patch
/home/cinelerra/cinelerra-5.1
# cd /home/cinelerra/cinelerra-5.1
# git am
/home/cinelerra/cinelerra-5.1/0001-Fix-build-in-makeappimage-for-boost-1.85.patch
Applying: Fix build in makeappimage for boost 1.85