[Cin] Video Workflow Recources (guides) with Linux (Renomath, 2012)

[Terje J. Hanssen]

Den 10.12.2021 20:02, skrev Andrea paz:
> So many interesting tutorials on the site you pointed out! Thank you. 
> I'll highlight a few pages. I guess these patches, in CinGG, are 
> useless: http://renomath.org/video/linux/cinelerra/ 
> http://renomath.org/video/linux/interlace/cinelerra.html (color space 
> conversion) http://renomath.org/video/linux/dv/chroma.html There is 
> also a collection of scripts: http://renomath.org/video/linux/bin/
=========

The patches were initially written originally for HV4.2 and later 
updated to HV4.4.

However to another user request, Phyllis responded in these 2016 posts:

[CinCV TNG] Patches from Eric Olson:
https://lists.cinelerra-cv.org/pipermail/cinelerra/2016q3/005251.html
>> A mod was added today by GG to 5.1 to correctly convert the colorspace for 4:2:0 / mpeg in order to improve potential DVD quality.  It is not just a "hack" but a real improvement.  But it is doubtful that this code will see much real use.  New binaries/packages will be built soon.
>> Below is the short explanation from the Features5 manual.
>>   
>> DvdInterlacedChroma [....]
> ----------
>> a plugin was checked into the Git repository for 5.1 after rework and 
>> much testing

https://lists.cinelerra-cv.org/pipermail/cinelerra/2016q3/005291.html


Maybe Andrew can review and consider if the current Cin-GG w/FFmeg cover 
up for the rest.

==========

I myself was then naturally especially interested in and focused on the 
section "Capturing the Video" of the first guide, althoug I never bought 
a capture card for Linux (after my Pinnacle DV500 DVD stayed Windows only):

ffmpeg -h | grep dv50
[...]
-target type        specify target file type ("vcd", "svcd", "dvd", "dv" 
or "dv50" with optional prefixes "pal-", "ntsc-" or "film-")

===========

#1. Hi8 Tape to DVD Video Workflow
http://renomath.org/video/linux/hi8/
>>
>> If you have a faster system you may want to consider capturing using 
>> the DV50 codec using a 4:2:2 color space. In order to do this, libng 
>> from the xawtv project needs to be patched 
>> <http://renomath.org/video/linux/hi8/streamer-dv50.patch> to 
>> recognize the dv50 codec. Using dv50 as the capture codec really 
>> allows the Linux solution to surpass a stand-along DVD recorder.
>>
>> It is also possible to capture the video using ffmpeg or lavrec.
>>

I was happy to get the above little section deepened in replies 
2012/2013 from Eric Olson, and "allow myself to publish" the technical 
parts as repetition and knowledge information between ===== below.

First, "streamer" below was is on openSUSE part of the rpm package 
"v4l-tools":

Summary     : Video4linux terminal / command line utilities
Description :
This package includes a bunch of command line utilities: v4lctl to
control video4linux devices; streamer to record movies; fbtv to watch
TV on the framebuffer console; ttv to watch tv on any ttv (powered by
aalib), webcam for capturing and uploading images, a curses radio
application, ...
Distribution: SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 SP3
---

man streamer
streamer - record audio and/or video


===============
> After patching streamer with this patch
>
>      http://www.renomath.org/video/linux/hi8/streamer-dv50.patch
>
> then the following command will capture an hour of NTSC video using
> the DV50 codec
>
>      streamer -q -p3 -b64 -iS-Video -nNTSC-M -r29.97 -s720x480 \
>      -fdv5n -Fstereo -R48000 -t 1:00:00 -c /dev/video0 -o file.mov
>
> This command works and captures 4:2:2 color on the few capture cards
> I've tried.  I have not tried to capture PAL format.  I expect the
> following command will work
>
>      streamer -q -p3 -b64 -iS-Video -nPAL -r25 -s720x576 \
>      -fdv5n -Fstereo -R48000 -t 1:00:00 -c /dev/video0 -o file.mov
>
> The chroma resolution of an Hi8 tape is very low, but 4:2:2 color space
> still helps while editing.  The advantage of DV50 over DV25 may be more
> significant for PAL because PAL DV25 uses an offset 4:2:0 colorspace
> rather than 4:1:1 like NTSC DV25.
>
> Some hardware seems to work better than others.  Note that the default
> contrast and brightness settings in the V4L drivers are wrong for most
> hardware.  Thus, it is important to calibrate the driver to correct
> black levels before capture.  I can't recommend any particular hardware
> because the capture cards I use are old and no longer sold.
-----------
> The quest for best quality is a frustrating one.  Interlaced video
> combined with 4:2:0 color and buggy software often make even good
> quality difficult.  I strongly believe that eventually people will
> have the computational resources and know-how to obtain HD quality
> footage from SD analog source.
>
> It sounds like you have a nice collection of Hi8 tapes that need to
> be archived.  It is difficult to know which digital format to use.
> In my opinion DV50 is a good archival choice because
>
> 1.  it's a high-quality intraframe only codec
> 2.  it's supported by almost all editing software
> 3.  it's implemented in pro cameras
> 4.  it won't change in the future
>
> It would be nice to know what solution you settle on for digitizing
> your tapes.  Our of curiosity, what kind of BDROM blanks are you
> using?  Have any of the disks become unreadable over time?

------------
> Cinelerra requires a simple patch to edit DV50.  Unfortunately the only
> format Cinelerra can edit without reencoding is mjpeg.
>
> Uncompressed 8-bit 1440x1080 4:2:2 colorspace video is about 90MB/sec.
> Most HD's can write between 40MB/sec and 100MB/sec.  If your computer
> can transcode HDV to DNxHD faster than real time there is a chance it
> could compress live video on the fly.  In my opinion the main use for
> this would be low-budget green-screen studio work.
>
> The comments at
>
> http://web.archive.org/web/20080125111318/http://www.humanvalues.net/hdv/#dv25
>
> are for NTSC DV25.  PAL DV25 actually uses 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, but
> the subsampling is different than what is used for DVD and possibly even
> more difficult to convert.  The program y4mscaler does a good job.
>
> http://www.mir.com/DMG/Software/
>
> For interlaced footage DV50 is definitely better.
>
> HDV video is compatible with bluray but not the audio.  If you transcode
> the audio to AC3 or PCM and remultiplex, you should be able to play the
> resulting files in a bluray player.  If I have time, I'll put together a
> description of this.
>
> That is good news about the BDROMs you made.  It would be nice if Linux
> had a bluray authoring tool similar to dvdauthor.  My current scheme is
> to make the bluray menus using Sony Dvd Architect on Windows, and then
> replace the video with high quality Linux x264 encodes using tsMuxeR.
------------

> The openSUSE package is a "binary" package but you need to "source code"
> to apply my patch.  The source code is part of xawtv version 3 which can
> be found at
>
>      http://git.linuxtv.org/xawtv3.git
>
> Xawtv was used for the development of the video 4 linux drivers, so every
> capture card supported by v4l and v4l2 should work with streamer.
>
>  From my recollection you are wishing to capture 8mm Hi8 video tapes from
> a S-Video or YPbPr component cables fed through a Videonics TBC.  Using
> a TBC is a good idea and you should get reasonable results.
>
> I'm currently looking at the Blackmagic Hyperdeck Shuttle.  This is a
> stand-alone device that records SD-SDI, HD-SDI and HDMI digital to a SSD
> using either DNxHD, ProRes or uncompressed.  Since the Shuttle only has
> digital inputs you would also need a A/D video converter to capture from
> component cables.  The main advantage of the Shuttle, however, is that
> it can also used for high quality live recording direct from the camera.
> In particular, it is portable and can be attached to most cameras as a
> high quality external recorder.  If I get one, I'll let you know how well
> it integrates into a Linux workflow.
>
> I have updated my Cinelerra DNxHD, DV50 and YUV frame serving patches to
> the Version 4.4 of Cinelerra
>
>      http://heroinewarrior.com/cinelerra.php
>
> It seems to be working great.  In addition to greater stability the new
> version of Cinelerra has 3-way color correction.
---------------
>  From what I understand the Shuttle records SD uncompressed 4:2:2 about
> 1 1/2 hours on a 120GB SSD.  This could then be converted to DV50 or
> any other suitable format for long term storage on Linux.  I'm mostly
> interested in using it for live recording attached to the camera, but
> it would be an added benefit if it could be used with a CPrPb to SDI
> converter for high quality capture of analog soruces.
=============

Terje J. H